(NEXSTAR) – Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is rapidly spreading across the U.S., with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warning of a significant increase in cases. In 2024, the number of cases is five times higher compared to the same time last year.
California’s San Diego County is experiencing the highest number of cases in the state. Last week, health officials reported 547 confirmed and probable pertussis cases in the county, far outpacing other large counties like Los Angeles. The number of cases continues to rise, with the disease spreading quickly in schools and childcare centers. While people of all ages can be affected, most cases in San Diego are occurring in children aged 11 to 17, according to local health officials.
What are the symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough)?
The hallmark symptom of pertussis is a severe cough, followed by a high-pitched intake of breath that sounds like a "whoop," as described by the Mayo Clinic. Initially, symptoms resemble those of a common cold, including congestion, a runny nose, watery eyes, fever, and a mild cough.
However, if the symptoms persist and worsen after a week or two, it could indicate whooping cough. Thick mucus can accumulate in the airways, leading to uncontrollable coughing.
For infants, who are particularly vulnerable to severe complications from pertussis, symptoms may not include coughing. Instead, babies may experience apnea (pauses in breathing), which can cause the skin to turn blue (cyanosis) or result in difficulty breathing, as the CDC warns.
How is whooping cough treated?
While many individuals can recover without medical intervention, antibiotics can be used to treat whooping cough. Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent the disease. Although vaccines are highly effective, their protection diminishes over time, so it's essential to stay up-to-date with immunizations.
Babies should receive their first doses of the pertussis vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Children need booster shots at 15-18 months and again at 4-6 years old. Preteens should receive another booster between ages 11 and 12. The CDC also recommends adults get vaccinated if they haven’t already received a dose.